Which parasites (helminths) might be found in untreated wastewater?

The correct answer highlights the types of helminths, which are a group of parasitic worms that can indeed be found in untreated wastewater. Roundworms, hookworms, and tapeworms are all known to thrive in environments contaminated by human or animal waste. These parasites can be transmitted through various routes, often by way of soil or water that has been tainted with fecal matter.

Roundworms, for instance, are common in environments where sanitation is poor, with their eggs often surviving in soil for extended periods. Hookworms are known to infect humans through skin contact with contaminated soil, particularly in warm, moist climates. Tapeworms typically require intermediate hosts and can be present in sewage systems where human or animal feces are present.

Recognizing these specific types of helminths is crucial for understanding the health risks associated with untreated wastewater and the importance of proper sewage treatment methodologies. The other options provided include organisms that aren’t classified as helminths, such as fungi and bacteria, thus differentiating the parasitic organisms of focus in this question.