What term refers to water that collects beneath the surface of the earth?

The term that refers to water that collects beneath the surface of the earth is groundwater. Groundwater exists in the spaces between soil particles and within rock formations, and it plays a crucial role in the hydrologic cycle. It may supply springs, wells, and be an important source of water for drinking and irrigation. Groundwater can come from precipitation that seeps into the ground and replenishes aquifers, which are natural formations that store significant amounts of this underground water.

In contrast, surface waters refer to bodies of water found on the surface, such as rivers, lakes, and streams. Runoff describes the movement of water, usually from precipitation, over the ground surface, which can eventually lead to surface water bodies. Aquifer water is a less common term often synonymous with groundwater, but it specifically refers to water contained in aquifers; therefore, groundwater covers the broader concept that includes any subsurface water, including that found in aquifers.